Staff working papers 31 May 2019 Staff working papers describe research in progress by Bank staff and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. The following Bank of England staff working papers have been published today: The cost of clearing fragmentation - By Evangelos Benos, Wenqian Huang, Albert Menkveld and Michalis Vasios Read more Regulatory effects on short-term interest rates - By Angelo Ranaldo, Patrick Schaffner and Michalis Vasios Read more